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How to make X listen on port 6000

How to make X listen on port 6000

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May, 25th 2007:
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You are here: Installation Guides

Summary

This text describes the installation and configuration of a heavy duty internet server running a gentoo linux distribution. The server will have to run 24/7 with minimum downtime for maintenance and is connected to a 100MBit Internet backbone. I choose gentoo as distribution because of the really fast availability of new versions and security patches for all installed packages. Everything will be compiled for the special needs of this maschine with various security enhancement features which ship with the available glibc/gcc versions (like stack smashing protections).

Changelog

Previous versions used to split the swap space across the raid harddiscs and not to mirror it. In case of a hard disc failure your system might(will) crash. This is not intended... (Thanks to Nick Rosier to point this out).

Note

This howto is NOT suited for users who run their first linux (or gentoo) install. Previous linux knowledge is needed, not every detail will be explained here.

System descriptions

Hardware

The system is a dual Xeon 2.66 Ghz with 512KB cache size and enabled hyperthreading.

System storage will be 2 80 GB HDDs running in a raid 1 with network backup every night. The filesystem will be XFS on a software raid 1 (mirroring) system.

Memory: 1GB, build in network card, no sound used, onboard graphics.

The machine will have an UPS and external cooling and will be mounted in a 19" rack.

Software

The system will be a heavy duty webserver running at least the following services/daemons:

  • Apache 2 as webserver (with many virtual hosts)
  • openLDAP for authentication for smtp/imap/pop3 and other login services, but not for system login
  • postfix with sasl2 support as MTA (Mail Transfer Agent)
  • courier-imap for imap access
  • courier-pop3
  • mysql as database backend
  • php (hardened) for various web frontends
  • LeopardCMS (a highspeed content management system written in C) for websites
  • ldapphpadmin for administrating the ldap server
  • squirrelmail as webmail service
  • awstats for website statistics

Installation

The basic installation is explained in the wonderful gentoo installation handbook.

I will only describe the modification on each step.

I will use a stage 1 installation with the minimal boot CD.

Installation in quick style (refer to the handbook if you don't know how to do the individual step(s))

Booting:

  • Boot from the CD, load the right network drivers
  • Change root password to something we know.
  • Configure the network with the given ip address dns servers etc.
  • Start sshd (optional)

Partitioning the hdd(s)

I'm using fdisk to partition the hdds, use whatever you like best.

Attention: To be able to use the raid 1, both hdds must be partitioned exactly identical, so write down the setting when partitioning.

My HDD layout :

/dev/hda1 boot partition 10 MB,  partition type: fd (Linux raid autodetect)
/dev/hda2 swap partition 250 MB, partition type: 82 (Linux swap)
/dev/hda3 root partition remaining space, partition type: fd (Linux raid autodetect)
The same applies to the 2nd HDD.

Setting up the raid 1

edit/create the file /etc/raidtab and enter the following (adjust the devices if neccessary)

raiddev         /dev/md0
nr-raid-disks   2
persistent-superblock   1
device          /dev/hda1
raid-disk       0
device          /dev/hdc1
raid-disk       1

raiddev         /dev/md2
nr-raid-disks   2
persistent-superblock   1
device          /dev/hda3
raid-disk       0
device          /dev/hdc3
raid-disk       1

In case you want to mirror the swap:

raiddev         /dev/md1
nr-raid-disks   2
persistent-superblock   1
device          /dev/hda2
raid-disk       0
device          /dev/hdc2
raid-disk       1

Note: I do not use a raid for the swap, I will explain the swap setup a bit later.
Please also see the comment at the bottom of this page, why this may cause trouble on a harddisk failure.

start the raid by running

raidstart --all
enter "cat /proc/mdstat"

You should see something like this:

Personalities : [raid1]
md0 : active raid1 hda1[1] hdc1[1]
      XXX blocks [2/2] [UU]
md2 : active raid1 hda3[1] hdc3[1]
      YYY blocks [2/2] [UU]

Now, after your raid is up and running, don't think about touching /dev/hda or /dev/hdc directly again. Only use /dev/md0 or /dev/md2.

Applying a Filesystem to a Partition

create your filesystems like it is described in the handbook, only use /dev/md0 and /dev/md2 for the target devices.

Activate the Swap Partitions

Because we are using 2 identical hdds, we have 2 swap partitions that we enable both.

Later in the /etc/fstab config we can tune a bit to make our swap faster.

Mounting

Now we follow the handbook a bit for mounting and downloading the needed stage 1 tarball. Remember, use /dev/mdX as partitions.

Configuring the Compile Options

I prefer to to use the full make.conf.default for configuration, so I copy it over before editing.

cp /mnt/gentoo/etc/make.conf.default /mnt/gentoo/etc/make.conf
now we edit the file
nano -w /mnt/gentoo/etc/make.conf

CHOST is set to i686-pc-linux-gnu

I use the following CFLAGS:

CFLAGS="-march=pentium4 -O2 -pipe" be careful, if you enable the hardened toolchain, never use more than -O2 for compiling.

If you have an AMD cpu, or a pentium2/3 change the -march setting to your cpu.

I set the MAKEOPTS to -j5 (number of CPUs plus one) (2 x Xeon with HT enabled makes 4 virtual CPUs)

MAKEOPTS="-j5"

setting USE-Flags

I use the following line

USE="-X -gtk -gnome -alsa mysql apache2 ssl ssh openldap\
sasl2 pam pic pie hardened hardenedphp xml vhosts"
I don't want X, gtk, gnome or alsa. (This is a server)

But I want mysql, apache, a.s.o.

The flags pic, pie and hardened are used with the hardened toolchain provided by gentoo.

These make the executables less vulnerable to buffer overflow and other programming mistakes. As of the writing of this howto, the flags "pic, pie and hardened" cause some problems with some packages. Manual patching and fiddling may be needed.

UPDATE: I installed another server lately (Nov. 2005), no patching was needed any more.

Follow the installation manual including the Stage1 to Stage2 section.

It is always useful to download the packages first and after that, start the real bootstrapping process. There is nothing better than having a bootstrap failing after 60+ mins on the last package because the file was damaged on the ftp mirror.

Proceed from stage2 to stage3 the documented way.

This will take a while, in my case 71 packages will be installed.

Just keep yourself occupied with something, like writing a howto or something ;)

Now its time to configure the kernel as described in the manual

  • set the timezone
  • install a kernel. I used a hardened-sources kernel (version 2.6.7-r7)
  • check the symlink /usr/src/linnux
  • configure the kernel with make menuconfig
  • make sure to check SMP support in case of a multiple CPU machine.
  • If you use XFS and like to not loose parts of your filesystem data, disable preemptible kernel.
  • Think twice before enabling power management functions like software suspend.
  • You really don't want that your server goes into suspend mode during the night.
  • Warning: If you use MySQL, do not enable the PaX feature "Disallow ELF text relocations". Enabling this makes you unable to compile and run MySQL. *sniff*
  • compile the kernel (remember to use the -j5 flag like in the MAKEOPTS line).
  • install the kernel.

configuring /etc/fstab

enter the data as described in the manual, but use /dev/md0 and /dev/md2

for the swap line use the following 2 lines

/dev/hda2  none swap sw,pri=2 0 0
/dev/hdc2  none swap sw,pri=2 0 0
This way the kernel uses both hdds for swap with the same priority, this means some data will be swapped to one hdd, some to the other and both could be read/written at the same time. This gives a speed boost when you need swap (which should never happen on normal conditions...).
Or use
/dev/md2  none swap sw,pri=2 0 0
in case of a mirrored swap partion.

Enter the networking information as described in the handbook (ip, domainname, ...)

Continue with the installation manual until you got through the manual and

have the basic system running as you want.

While writing this howto, it was planned to have a part 2 to describe the installation of additional software like apache, postfix and others.

But since they are installed exactly as on a "normal" gentoo distribution, a part 2 is not really needed.

comments

Nick Rosier wrote in an email:
I just read this setup. IMHO there's a little flaw in the setup. Goal is to have as little downtime as possible. To gain maybe a bit more performance the author decided not to mirror swap. This is a bad idea. In case of a hard-disk failure part of your swapspace will be unavailable/corrupted meaning your system will possibly crash. I doubt that is what one wants.
Nick has a valid point.
In this setup I use ide harddisks. (yes, I know, SCSI would be better...)
If one of the hdds dies, its very likely that the system crashes any way. This is my experience with ide hdds.
If you use SCSI or SATA-drives, the situation might change. On those drives it might be better to use raid on the swap, too.
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2025-06-04

libsdl2 - 2.32.8
Ebuild name:

media-libs/libsdl2-2.32.8

Description

Simple Direct Media Layer

Added to portage

2025-06-04

libvirt - 11.4.0
Ebuild name:

app-emulation/libvirt-11.4.0

Description

C toolkit to manipulate virtual machines

Added to portage

2025-06-04

libvirt-python - 11.4.0
Ebuild name:

dev-python/libvirt-python-11.4.0

Description

libvirt Python bindings

Added to portage

2025-06-04

markdown - 25.0.0-r2
Ebuild name:

dev-ada/markdown-25.0.0-r2

Description

Provides a markdown parser written in Ada

Added to portage

2025-06-04

megaglest - 3.13.0-r5
Ebuild name:

games-strategy/megaglest-3.13.0-r5

Description

Added to portage

2025-06-04

mkdocstrings-python - 1.16.12
Ebuild name:

dev-python/mkdocstrings-python-1.16.12

Description

Python handler for dev-python/mkdocstrings

Added to portage

2025-06-04

nautilus - 47.4
Ebuild name:

gnome-base/nautilus-47.4

Description

Default file manager for the GNOME desktop

Added to portage

2025-06-04

noto - 20250601
Ebuild name:

media-fonts/noto-20250601

Description

Google's font family that aims to support all the world's languages

Added to portage

2025-06-04

nuitka - 2.7.6
Ebuild name:

dev-python/nuitka-2.7.6

Description

Python to native compiler

Added to portage

2025-06-04

opengfx - 7.1-r1
Ebuild name:

games-misc/opengfx-7.1-r1

Description

OpenGFX data files for OpenTTD

Added to portage

2025-06-04

openmsx - 20.0-r1
Ebuild name:

games-emulation/openmsx-20.0-r1

Description

MSX emulator that aims for perfection

Added to portage

2025-06-04

opensfx - 1.0.3-r1
Ebuild name:

games-misc/opensfx-1.0.3-r1

Description

OpenSFX data files for OpenTTD

Added to portage

2025-06-04

openstacksdk - 4.6.0
Ebuild name:

dev-python/openstacksdk-4.6.0

Description

A collection of libraries for building applications to work with Open

Added to portage

2025-06-04

orca - 47.4
Ebuild name:

app-accessibility/orca-47.4

Description

Extensible screen reader that provides access to the desktop

Added to portage

2025-06-04

pariemacs - 3.14-r1
Ebuild name:

app-emacs/pariemacs-3.14-r1

Description

sci-mathematics/pari emacs mode

Added to portage

2025-06-04

parsebib - 6.6
Ebuild name:

app-emacs/parsebib-6.6

Description

Emacs Lisp library for reading .bib files

Added to portage

2025-06-04

parsebib - 6.7
Ebuild name:

app-emacs/parsebib-6.7

Description

Emacs Lisp library for reading .bib files

Added to portage

2025-06-04

parseclj - 1.1.1
Ebuild name:

app-emacs/parseclj-1.1.1

Description

Clojure Parser for Emacs Lisp

Added to portage

2025-06-04

parseedn - 1.2.1
Ebuild name:

app-emacs/parseedn-1.2.1

Description

EDN parser for Emacs Lisp

Added to portage

2025-06-04

passwordsafe - 1.18.2-r2
Ebuild name:

app-admin/passwordsafe-1.18.2-r2

Description

Password manager with wxGTK based frontend

Added to portage

2025-06-04

passwordsafe - 1.19.1-r2
Ebuild name:

app-admin/passwordsafe-1.19.1-r2

Description

Password manager with wxGTK based frontend

Added to portage

2025-06-04

passwordsafe - 1.20.0-r2
Ebuild name:

app-admin/passwordsafe-1.20.0-r2

Description

Password manager with wxGTK based frontend

Added to portage

2025-06-04

pdf-tools - 1.1.0
Ebuild name:

app-emacs/pdf-tools-1.1.0

Description

Emacs Lisp support library for PDF documents

Added to portage

2025-06-04

persist - 0.6.1
Ebuild name:

app-emacs/persist-0.6.1

Description

Persist variables between Emacs sessions

Added to portage

2025-06-04

pipewire - 1.4.4-r1
Ebuild name:

media-video/pipewire-1.4.4-r1

Description

Multimedia processing graphs

Added to portage

2025-06-04

pipewire - 1.4.5
Ebuild name:

media-video/pipewire-1.4.5

Description

Multimedia processing graphs

Added to portage

2025-06-04

pixi - 0.48.0
Ebuild name:

dev-util/pixi-0.48.0

Description

A package management and workflow tool

Added to portage

2025-06-04

ppx_assert - 0.17.0-r1
Ebuild name:

dev-ml/ppx_assert-0.17.0-r1

Description

Assert-like extension nodes that raise useful errors on failure

Added to portage

2025-06-04

ppx_bin_prot - 0.17.0-r1
Ebuild name:

dev-ml/ppx_bin_prot-0.17.0-r1

Description

Generation of bin_prot readers and writers from types

Added to portage

2025-06-04

ppx_cold - 0.17.0-r1
Ebuild name:

dev-ml/ppx_cold-0.17.0-r1

Description

Expands [@cold] into [@inline never][@specialise never][@local never]

Added to portage

2025-06-04

ppx_compare - 0.17.0-r1
Ebuild name:

dev-ml/ppx_compare-0.17.0-r1

Description

Generation of comparison functions from types

Added to portage

2025-06-04

ppx_custom_printf - 0.17.0-r1
Ebuild name:

dev-ml/ppx_custom_printf-0.17.0-r1

Description

Printf-style format-strings for user-defined string conversion

Added to portage

2025-06-04

ppx_diff - 0.17.0-r1
Ebuild name:

dev-ml/ppx_diff-0.17.0-r1

Description

A PPX rewriter that genreates the implementation of [Ldiffable.S].

Added to portage

2025-06-04

ppx_disable_unused_warnings - 0.17.0-r1
Ebuild name:

dev-ml/ppx_disable_unused_warnings-0.17.0-r1

Description

Expands [@disable_unused_warnings]

Added to portage

2025-06-04

ppx_enumerate - 0.17.0-r1
Ebuild name:

dev-ml/ppx_enumerate-0.17.0-r1

Description

Generate a list containing all values of a finite type

Added to portage

2025-06-04

ppx_expect - 0.17.2-r1
Ebuild name:

dev-ml/ppx_expect-0.17.2-r1

Description

Cram like framework for OCaml

Added to portage

2025-06-04

ppx_fields_conv - 0.17.0-r1
Ebuild name:

dev-ml/ppx_fields_conv-0.17.0-r1

Description

Generation of accessor and iteration functions for ocaml records

Added to portage

2025-06-04

ppx_fixed_literal - 0.17.0-r1
Ebuild name:

dev-ml/ppx_fixed_literal-0.17.0-r1

Description

Simpler notation for fixed point literals

Added to portage

2025-06-04

ppx_globalize - 0.17.0-r1
Ebuild name:

dev-ml/ppx_globalize-0.17.0-r1

Description

Generates functions to copy local values to the global heap

Added to portage

2025-06-04

ppx_hash - 0.17.0-r1
Ebuild name:

dev-ml/ppx_hash-0.17.0-r1

Description

PPX rewriter that generates hash functions from type expressions and defi

Added to portage

2025-06-04

ppx_here - 0.17.0-r1
Ebuild name:

dev-ml/ppx_here-0.17.0-r1

Description

Expands [%here] into its location

Added to portage

2025-06-04

ppx_inline_test - 0.17.0-r1
Ebuild name:

dev-ml/ppx_inline_test-0.17.0-r1

Description

Syntax extension for writing in-line tests in ocaml code

Added to portage

2025-06-04

ppx_let - 0.17.0-r1
Ebuild name:

dev-ml/ppx_let-0.17.0-r1

Description

Monadic let-bindings

Added to portage

2025-06-04

ppx_log - 0.17.0-r1
Ebuild name:

dev-ml/ppx_log-0.17.0-r1

Description

Lazily rendering log messages

Added to portage

2025-06-04

ppx_module_timer - 0.17.0-r1
Ebuild name:

dev-ml/ppx_module_timer-0.17.0-r1

Description

Ppx rewriter that records top-level module startup times

Added to portage

2025-06-04

ppx_optcomp - 0.17.0-r1
Ebuild name:

dev-ml/ppx_optcomp-0.17.0-r1

Description

Optional compilation for OCaml

Added to portage

2025-06-04

ppx_optional - 0.17.0-r1
Ebuild name:

dev-ml/ppx_optional-0.17.0-r1

Description

Pattern matching on flat options

Added to portage

2025-06-04

ppx_sexp_conv - 0.17.0-r1
Ebuild name:

dev-ml/ppx_sexp_conv-0.17.0-r1

Description

Support Library for type-driven code generators

Added to portage

2025-06-04

ppx_sexp_message - 0.17.0-r1
Ebuild name:

dev-ml/ppx_sexp_message-0.17.0-r1

Description

A ppx rewriter for easy construction of s-expressions

Added to portage

2025-06-04

prowlarr-bin - 1.37.0.5076
Ebuild name:

www-apps/prowlarr-bin-1.37.0.5076

Description

An indexer manager/proxy to integrate with your various PVR apps

Added to portage

2025-06-04

pypi-attestations - 0.0.27
Ebuild name:

dev-python/pypi-attestations-0.0.27

Description

Convert between Sigstore Bundles and PEP-740 Attestation object

Added to portage

2025-06-04

pytest - 8.4.0
Ebuild name:

dev-python/pytest-8.4.0

Description

Simple powerful testing with Python

Added to portage

2025-06-04

python - 3.10.18
Ebuild name:

dev-lang/python-3.10.18

Description

An interpreted, interactive, object-oriented programming language

Added to portage

2025-06-04

python - 3.11.13
Ebuild name:

dev-lang/python-3.11.13

Description

An interpreted, interactive, object-oriented programming language

Added to portage

2025-06-04

python - 3.12.11
Ebuild name:

dev-lang/python-3.12.11

Description

An interpreted, interactive, object-oriented programming language

Added to portage

2025-06-04

python - 3.13.4
Ebuild name:

dev-lang/python-3.13.4

Description

An interpreted, interactive, object-oriented programming language

Added to portage

2025-06-04

python - 3.13.4-r100
Ebuild name:

dev-lang/python-3.13.4-r100

Description

Freethreading (no-GIL) version of Python programming language

Added to portage

2025-06-04

python - 3.9.23
Ebuild name:

dev-lang/python-3.9.23

Description

An interpreted, interactive, object-oriented programming language

Added to portage

2025-06-04

python-tests - 3.11.13
Ebuild name:

dev-python/python-tests-3.11.13

Description

Test modules from dev-lang/python

Added to portage

2025-06-04

python-tests - 3.12.11
Ebuild name:

dev-python/python-tests-3.12.11

Description

Test modules from dev-lang/python

Added to portage

2025-06-04

python-tests - 3.13.4
Ebuild name:

dev-python/python-tests-3.13.4

Description

Test modules from dev-lang/python

Added to portage

2025-06-04

python-tests - 3.13.4-r100
Ebuild name:

dev-python/python-tests-3.13.4-r100

Description

Test modules from dev-lang/python

Added to portage

2025-06-04

qgpgme - 2.0.0
Ebuild name:

dev-libs/qgpgme-2.0.0

Description

GnuPG Made Easy is a library for making GnuPG easier to use (Qt bindings)

Added to portage

2025-06-04

rust - 1.82.0-r103
Ebuild name:

dev-lang/rust-1.82.0-r103

Description

Systems programming language from Mozilla

Added to portage

2025-06-04

rust - 1.83.0-r3
Ebuild name:

dev-lang/rust-1.83.0-r3

Description

Systems programming language from Mozilla

Added to portage

2025-06-04

rust - 1.84.0-r2
Ebuild name:

dev-lang/rust-1.84.0-r2

Description

Systems programming language from Mozilla

Added to portage

2025-06-04

rust - 1.84.1-r2
Ebuild name:

dev-lang/rust-1.84.1-r2

Description

Systems programming language from Mozilla

Added to portage

2025-06-04

rust - 1.85.0-r2
Ebuild name:

dev-lang/rust-1.85.0-r2

Description

Systems programming language originally developed by Mozilla

Added to portage

2025-06-04

rust - 1.85.1-r1
Ebuild name:

dev-lang/rust-1.85.1-r1

Description

Systems programming language originally developed by Mozilla

Added to portage

2025-06-04

rust - 1.86.0-r2
Ebuild name:

dev-lang/rust-1.86.0-r2

Description

Systems programming language originally developed by Mozilla

Added to portage

2025-06-04

rust - 1.87.0-r1
Ebuild name:

dev-lang/rust-1.87.0-r1

Description

Systems programming language originally developed by Mozilla

Added to portage

2025-06-04

rust - 1.88.0_beta20250526
Ebuild name:

dev-lang/rust-1.88.0_beta20250526

Description

Systems programming language originally developed by Mozilla

Added to portage

2025-06-04

rust-bin - 1.88.0_beta20250526
Ebuild name:

dev-lang/rust-bin-1.88.0_beta20250526

Description

Added to portage

2025-06-04

rust-common - 1.88.0_beta20250526
Ebuild name:

dev-lang/rust-common-1.88.0_beta20250526

Description

Common files shared between multiple slots of Rust

Added to portage

2025-06-04

rust-std - 1.88.0_beta20250526
Ebuild name:

sys-devel/rust-std-1.88.0_beta20250526

Description

Rust standard library, standalone (for crossdev)

Added to portage

2025-06-04

snapd-glib - 1.67-r1
Ebuild name:

sys-libs/snapd-glib-1.67-r1

Description

glib library for communicating with snapd

Added to portage

2025-06-04

sqlglot - 26.25.0
Ebuild name:

dev-python/sqlglot-26.25.0

Description

An easily customizable SQL parser and transpiler

Added to portage

2025-06-04

squashfs-tools - 4.7
Ebuild name:

sys-fs/squashfs-tools-4.7

Description

Tools to create and extract Squashfs filesystems

Added to portage

2025-06-04

sratom - 0.6.18-r1
Ebuild name:

media-libs/sratom-0.6.18-r1

Description

Library for serialising LV2 atoms to/from RDF, particularly the Turtle

Added to portage

2025-06-04

templates-parser - 25.0.0-r4
Ebuild name:

dev-ada/templates-parser-25.0.0-r4

Description

A template engine

Added to portage

2025-06-04

treq - 25.5.0
Ebuild name:

dev-python/treq-25.5.0

Description

A requests-like API built on top of twisted.web's Agent

Added to portage

2025-06-04

uv - 0.7.10
Ebuild name:

dev-python/uv-0.7.10

Description

A Python package installer and resolver, written in Rust

Added to portage

2025-06-04

uv-build - 0.7.10
Ebuild name:

dev-python/uv-build-0.7.10

Description

PEP517 uv build backend

Added to portage

2025-06-04

v4l2loopback - 0.15.0
Ebuild name:

media-video/v4l2loopback-0.15.0

Description

v4l2 loopback device whose output is its own input

Added to portage

2025-06-04

winbox - 4.0_beta22
Ebuild name:

app-admin/winbox-4.0_beta22

Description

Management Software for MikroTik RouterOS

Added to portage

2025-06-04

xalan-c - 1.12-r3
Ebuild name:

dev-libs/xalan-c-1.12-r3

Description

XSLT processor for transforming XML into HTML, text, or other XML types

Added to portage

2025-06-04

xdg-desktop-portal-kde - 6.3.5-r1
Ebuild name:

kde-plasma/xdg-desktop-portal-kde-6.3.5-r1

Description

Backend implementation for xdg-desktop-portal that is us

Added to portage

2025-06-04

xerces-c - 3.3.0
Ebuild name:

dev-libs/xerces-c-3.3.0

Description

Validating XML parser written in a portable subset of C++

Added to portage

2025-06-04

xmrig - 6.22.3
Ebuild name:

net-misc/xmrig-6.22.3

Description

RandomX, CryptoNight, KawPow, AstroBWT, and Argon2 CPU/GPU miner

Added to portage

2025-06-04

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